Which concept focuses on teaching students based on what they must learn clearly?

Mastery Learning is centered around ensuring that students achieve a high level of understanding in a specific subject area before moving on to the next topic. This approach emphasizes the idea that all students can learn given enough time and effective instruction. In Mastery Learning, the learning objectives are clearly defined, and students receive feedback on their performance, allowing them to understand what they need to focus on. The emphasis is on achieving mastery of material and concepts rather than simply passing tests; students must demonstrate proficiency before progressing. This structured approach helps clarify what students are expected to learn, making it a suitable choice for this question.

Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and the reinforcement of certain behaviors rather than on the depth of understanding or the specific learning objectives. Constructivism involves students building their own understanding through experiences and interactions but does not prioritize the clarity of learning objectives in the same explicit manner. Adaptive Learning tailors the educational experience based on individual student needs, but it does so dynamically and may not specifically clarify what the students must learn in the way that Mastery Learning does.